Table 2Bivariate and Multivariable Fine-Gray Regression for Recurrent Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs with Consideration for Death as a Competing Risk
Bivariate Analysis Multivariable Analysis
SHR Robust SE 95% CI P Value SHR* Robust SE 95% CI P Value
Age 0.99 0.01 0.97-1.01 .31 1.00 0.01 0.97-1.03 .92
Sex (ref = female) 0.92 0.21 0.58-1.44 .71 1.37 0.42 0.75-2.50 .31
Length of hospital stay 1.01 0.002 1.00-1.01 < .001† 1.00 0.002 1.00-1.01 .60
Left-sided or bilateral infection or echo-negative (ref = right-sided IE) 0.55 0.15 0.33-0.93 .03† 0.57 0.21 0.28-1.18 .13
Peripherally inserted central catheter misuse (ref = no misuse)
Peripherally inserted central catheter misused 2.68 0.64 1.67-4.28 < .001† 2.41 0.89 1.17-4.98 .02†
No peripherally inserted central catheter in place 0.12 0.13 0.02-0.92 .04† 0.27 0.30 0.03-2.26 .23
Referral to addiction services (ref = not referred) 2.10 0.49 1.33-3.31 .001† 1.49 0.41 0.87-2.55 .15
Surgical intervention (ref = no surgery) 0.96 0.30 0.53-1.76 .91 1.16 0.45 0.54-2.50 .70
Admission to the ICU (ref = not admitted) 0.74 0.18 0.45-1.21 .23 1.04 0.36 0.53-2.04 .91
Misuse of opiates and stimulants (ref = opiate or stimulant use only) 0.99 0.24 0.61-1.60 .97 0.85 0.26 0.47
1.54		 .60
Antibiotic administration (ref = intravenous)
Oral 1.63 0.46 0.94-2.83 .08 0.93 0.36 0.44-2.00 .86
Other‡ 0.66 0.49 0.16-2.79 .58 0.35 0.35 0.05-2.54 .30
Treatment (ref = inpatient)
Outpatient 1.71 0.45 1.01-2.88 .05† 2.02 0.61 1.12-3.66 .02†
Left against medical advice 1.61 0.70 0.68-3.79 .27 1.49 0.71 0.58-3.78 .41
Homelessness (ref = not homeless) 1.76 0.78 0.73-4.20 .21 1.43 0.70 0.55-3.71 .46
CI = confidence interval; ICU = intensive care unit; SE = standard error; SHR = sub-distribution hazard ratio.
⁎ Adjusted SHRs were generated from multivariable Fine-Gray regression models. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, length of hospital stay, location of infection, peripherally inserted central catheter misuse, referral to addiction services, surgical intervention, ICU admission, substances misused, route of antibiotic administration, inpatient treatment, and homelessness.
† These values indicate statistical significance (P < .05).
‡ Intramuscular or oral and intravenous.