TableAtrial Fibrillation Prediction Scores Developed or Validated in Patients with ESUS or Cryptogenic Stroke
NDAF29 HAVOC31 AF-ESUS30 Graz AF32 Brown ESUS-AF score33 STAF score34 ACTEL score35 Decryptoring score36
Age Age Age Age Age Age Age Age
Coronary artery disease or stroke Congestive heart failure Hypertension NT-proBNP Left atrial enlargement NIHSS Hypercholesterolemia Hypertension
Left atrial area Hypertension Left ventricle hypertrophy Brain imaging Left atrial dilatation Tricuspid regurgitation Troponin T
Valvular disease Left atrial diameter ECG/monitoring Vascular etiology Left ventricular end-diastolic volume NT-proBNP
Coronary artery disease LVEF <35% Echocardiography Left atrium Left atrial strain reservoir
Peripheral artery disease Supraventricular extrasystole on ECG Left atrial strain conduct
BMI Subcortical infarct
Nonstenotic carotid plaques
ACTEL = Age ≥75 years; hyperCholesterolemia; Tricuspid regurgitation ≥ mild-to-moderate; left ventricular End-diastolic volume <65 mL; Left atrium ≥4 cm; AF-ESUS = atrial fibrillation-embolic stroke of undetermined source; BMI = body mass index; ECG = electrocardiogram; ESUS-AF = embolic stroke of undetermined source-atrial fibrillation; HAVOC = hypertension, age, valvular heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; NDAF = newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation; NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; STAF = Score for the Targeting of Atrial Fibrillation.