| Age (years), median [IQR] |
34.0 [28.0-43.0] |
34.0 [28.0-41.0] |
.53 |
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
.60 |
| Female |
113 (47.9) |
38 (51.3) |
|
| Male |
123 (52.1) |
36 (48.7) |
|
| Length of hospital stay, median [IQR] |
25.5 [13.0-45.0] |
33.0 [16.0-57.0] |
.04† |
| Primary valve infected, n (%) |
|
|
|
| Tricuspid |
151 (66.2) |
60 (82.2) |
.01† |
| Pulmonic |
3 (1.32) |
1 (1.37) |
.97 |
| Mitral |
53 (23.3) |
10 (13.7) |
.08 |
| Aortic |
47 (20.6) |
8 (11.0) |
.06 |
| Right ventricle/atrium |
6 (2.63) |
2 (2.74) |
.96 |
| Site of infection, n (%) |
|
|
.02† |
| Right-sided |
140 (59.32) |
55 (74.32) |
|
| Left-sided, bilateral or echo-negative |
96 (40.68) |
19 (25.68) |
|
| Organism |
|
|
.32 |
| Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus |
132 (55.93) |
42 (56.76) |
|
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
43 (18.22) |
20 (27.03) |
|
| Enterococci |
13 (5.51) |
1 (1.35) |
|
| Viridans group streptococci |
9 (3.81) |
3 (4.05) |
|
| Streptococci (non-viridans group) |
8 (3.39) |
1 (1.35) |
|
| Gram-negative |
5 (2.12) |
3 (4.05) |
|
| Fungal |
1 (0.42) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| Polymicrobial |
22 (9.32) |
2 (2.70) |
|
| Culture negative |
2 (0.85) |
1 (1.35) |
|
| Culture result not available |
1 (0.42) |
1 (1.35) |
|
| Peripherally inserted central catheter misuse, n (%) |
|
|
< .001† |
| No |
156 (66.1) |
41 (55.4) |
|
| Yes |
44 (18.6) |
32 (43.2) |
|
| No peripherally inserted central catheter in place |
36 (15.3) |
1 (1.4) |
|
| Referred to addiction services |
|
|
.02† |
| No |
161 (68.51) |
40 (54.05) |
|
| Yes |
74 (31.49) |
34 (45.95) |
|
| Surgical intervention, n (%) |
|
|
.97 |
| No |
195 (82.6) |
61 (82.4) |
|
| Yes |
41 (17.4) |
13 (17.6) |
|
| Admission to ICU, n (%) |
|
|
.32 |
| No |
151 (64.0) |
52 (70.3) |
|
| Yes |
85 (36.0) |
22 (29.7) |
|
| Substances misused, n (%) |
|
|
.84 |
| Opiate or stimulant only |
76 (36.0) |
25 (34.7) |
|
| Polysubstance (opiates and stimulants) |
135 (64.0) |
47 (65.3) |
|
| Unknown |
25 |
2 |
|
| Route of antibiotic administration, n (%) |
|
|
.05† |
| Intravenous |
196 (83.1) |
56 (75.7) |
|
| Oral |
26 (11.0) |
16 (21.6) |
|
| Other‡ |
14 (5.9) |
2 (2.7) |
|
| Treatment |
|
|
.07 |
| Inpatient |
132 (61.4) |
28 (45.2) |
|
| Outpatient |
64 (29.8) |
27 (43.6) |
|
| Left against medical advice |
19 (8.8) |
7 (11.3) |
|
| Unknown |
|
|
|
| Homelessness |
|
|
.14 |
| No |
229 (97.0) |
69 (93.2) |
|
| Yes |
7 (3.0) |
5 (6.8) |
|